Abstract: In recent years, there have been frequent incidents of hazardous chemical transportation leaks, and the safety risks throughout the entire process of hazardous chemical transportation have become increasingly concerned. In order to effectively reduce the occurrence of hazardous chemical transportation accidents, a statistical analysis was conducted on the hazardous chemical transportation accidents that have occurred in China in recent years. The common liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transportation accident was selected as the research object, and the Bow tie (BT) analysis method was used to analyze the hazard factors and accident consequences of LPG loading, unloading, and transportation. A Bow tie analysis model for the entire LPG transportation process was constructed, and preventive measures and accident consequence mitigation measures were proposed for key risk factors. The results indicate that the Bow tie analysis method, based on intuitive safety structure charts, can clearly express the causes, consequences, and corresponding prevention and control measures of accidents throughout the entire LPG transportation process, which is conducive to improving the level of LPG transportation safety management.

Key words: Dangerous chemicals transportation Loading and unloading Leakage accidents Bow-tie model

摘要： 近年来危化品运输泄漏事故频发，危化品运输全流程安全风险愈发引起人们关注。为有效减少危化品运输事故发生，统计分析了我国近年来发生的危化品运输事故，选取较为常见的液化石油气（Liquefied Petroleum Gas, LPG）运输事故作为研究对象，运用领结图分析法（Bow-tie, BT）分析LPG装卸及运输的危害因素及事故后果，构建LPG运输全流程的Bow-tie分析模型，针对关键风险因素提出预防措施和事故后果减缓措施。结果表明，Bow-tie分析方法基于直观的安全结构图表，可以清晰表达LPG运输全流程事故原因、后果及对应预防、控制措施，有利于提升LPG运输安全管理水平。

关键词: 危险化学品运输 装卸 泄漏事故 Bow-tie模型