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Table of Content

    20 March 2022, Volume 58 Issue 2
    Innovation and Practice
    Design on Inductive Lightning Protection in Stations for Oil/Gas Pipelines
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    With the continuous improvement of oil and gas pipeline station information system, the number of instrument, communication and other weak current equipment is also increasing, and the automation and communication system in the station has become the nerve center of oil and gas pipeline. However, most of the oil and gas pipeline stations are located in areas with extremely complex thunderstorm activities, and there are many devices, so lightning strikes occur from time to time. Lightning strikes are mainly manifested as direct lightning and inductive lightning. Inductive lightning usually harms weak current equipment such as instrument and communication, resulting in the interruption of station information system and affecting the monitoring and information transmission functions of oil and gas pipelines. For the stations of Sino-Myanmar Oil/Gas Pipelines (the pipeline sections in Guizhou Province) is taken as an research case. According to the characteristics of oil and gas pipeline stations, this paper analyzes its causes in terms of manifestations of induction lightning invading into weak current equipment, and adopts comprehensive lightning protection design concepts, namely, shielding, equalizing voltage and grounding, proposes specific lightning protection measures so as to reduce the induction lightning, and achieves better lightning protection effect and improves the reliability of oil and gas pipeline station operation.
    Instrument and Meter
    Failure analysis and structure improvement of valve packing
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    Aiming at the problem of medium leakage at the packing part of the on-off ball valve when the user starts up on site,the structure of the leakage part of the ball valve, especially the analysis and derivation of the stem of the ball valve, the brightness of the stem、stuffing box and the specific pressure of the stem and packing seal, then find the main cause of media leakage, by adjusting the structure of the valve packing, further improving the radial sealing pressure of the packing and forming a dense seal between the valve stem and the packing, the packing and the inner wall of the stuffing box and the sealing force, whose sealing power is far greater than the pressure of the medium.In addition, the problem of the valve during the opening and closing process and the impact of the vibration of the valve and pipeline on the packing, which is timely solved by adding the disc spring under the packing gland, further improving the sealing performance, preventing the external leakage of the medium and completely solving the user's pain point problem.
    Research and application of downhole cathodic protection and corrosion on-line monitoring technology for tubing string in oil-water well
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    The downhole corrosion damage of oil-water well string will seriously reduce the structural strength, bearing capacity and reliability of the string, shorten the service life of the string, increase the operation risk and threaten the safety of oil and water wells. The downhole cathodic protection and corrosion on-line monitoring technology of oil and water well string is studied and applied, and a downhole cathodic protection and corrosion on-line monitoring device and method of oil and water well string are provided. The field application shows that the cathodic protection of pipe string has the characteristics of unique local cathodic protection method, small power consumption, long protection distance, good effect and low initial investment cost; It can monitor the corrosion status and rate of downhole pipe string in oil and water wells. The corrosion monitoring rate has high accuracy, can predict the safe service life of oil and water well pipe string, and has high reliability, stability and accuracy.
    Natural Gas Metering Application of Pitot Tube Flowmeter on Offshore Platform
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    This article mainly introduces pitot tube flowmeter working principle, technical data, installation requirement and natural gas metering application of offshore oil platform. This article not only provides offshore oil platform engineering design experience, but also provides operation of pitot tube flowmeter for platform production operators.
    DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL ATTRITION TEST APPARATUS OF FCC CATALYST BASED ON STRAIGHT TUBE METHOD
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    Abrasion resistance is a key parameter for catalytic cracking catalysts. The common testing method is the straight pipe method issued by the industry standard NB/SH/T-0964-2017. In response to the problems of low automation and poor repeatability caused by the manual operation, a new attrition test apparatus of FCC catalyst based on straight tube method was designed. It adopted the optimized vibration and gas humidification method, a flow calculation algorithm based on the ideal gas equation and automatic control system based on PLC and touch screen. The experimental results show that attrition index of the FCC catalysts has a relative standard deviation of less than 5% and good repeatability.
    Development and Commentary
    Application and development of hyper converged infrastructure in petrochemical industry
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    Based on the application of hyper converged infrastructure in petrochemical industry, the concept of hyper converged was described, the difference between the hyper converged infrastructure and traditional IT infrastructure was discussed. The application of hyper converged infrastructure in key technologies was detailed reviewed. The development of hyper converged infrastructure in petrochemical industry was forecasted and prospected, which can provide some reference for promoting the application of hyper converged infrastructure in petrochemical industry.
    Engineering Design and Standards
    Design and Selection of Explosion-Proof Instrument in Gas and Dust Explosive Atmosphere
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    This paper introduces the division of hazardous areas of gas and dust, the classification marks of gas and dust, and the classification of temperature groups and the expression method of explosion-proof marks in explosive atmosphere; According to the relevant standards and project experience,for the safety purpose, selection of appropriate explosion-proof types for field instruments, cable glands, cables and safety barriers are introduced.
    Design of Network Security for Control System of Large-scale Integrated Refining and Petrochemical Project Based on Classified Protection 2.0
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    Cybersecurity of control systems in the petrochemical industry has received widespread attention. How to establish a total and effective ICS security system will become a problem that every enterprise should consider. Aiming at large-scale integrated refining and petrochemical projects, this paper proposes a technical solution design of a cybersecurity protection system based on the classified protection 2.0, which is one center, triple protection based on in-depth protection concept. The system is protected from various levels of communication network, regional boundary, and computing environment. The monitoring, scheduling and managing is realized on the cybersecurity management center. Totally, the solution constructs security measures for the industrial control system.
    Based on CONVAL software for joint calculation of regulating valve and restricting orifice
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    Based on actual engineering cases, this paper analyzes the calculation principles, methods, and results of the calculation principles, methods, and results through traditional static special value calculations and the application of CONVAL? calculation software for the combined application conditions of the regulating valve and the restrictive orifice plate, and elaborates on the calculation principles, methods, and results. Difficulties, key problems and solutions in the selection and calculation of the working conditions of the combined application of the regulating valve and the restrictive orifice. This article has certain guiding significance for the combined engineering application of regulating valve and restrictor orifice and its specific calculation method.
    Coverage Analysis and Optimal Layout of Flame Detectors on Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    In the production of offshore oil and gas platform, fire detection equipment must be used to monitor the fire in potential dangerous areas to ensure the safety of people, property and production facilities. At present, there is no clear quantitative analysis and layout method for the layout of flame detector. This paper analyzes the coverage of flame detectors in typical oil and gas production equipment unit areas under different number of detectors and positioning conditions, optimizes the layout method of flame detectors on this basis, and compiles the recommended layout table of flame detectors suitable for different areas, so as to provide reference and basis for further research on quantitative layout method of flame detectors.
    Safety and Environment Protection
    Safety evaluation of emergency management ability of oil and gas station based on catastrophe progression method
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    Intelligentization and Information Technology
    The Research on pipeline emergency situation plotting technology based on GIS
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    In order to effectively deal with the emergency response to various disaster accidents on long oil pipeline, and meet the needs of disaster analysis and emergency command. The classification system of pipeline emergency situation plotting elements is proposed, based on the application of GIS and pipeline emergency information technology, Then research the main model of pipeline emergency plotting, including oil spill mapping model, the standard model of natural gas leak, emergency resource allocation model. Based on GIS display method and implementation process, a feasible situation visualization is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the present study is verified by the actual emergency drill, which is verified by the situation plotting technology of the present study.
    Process and Technology
    Study on the evaluation of the loop control performance during nonstationary operation for ethylene cracking furnace
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    The main function of ethylene cracking furnace is to process natural gas, refinery gas, crude oil and other raw materials into ethylene and various by-products. At present, the vast majority of ethylene is produced by cracking furnace. Effective loop control is important for nonstationary operation of cracking furnace. But due to the production process change and maintenance is not timely, it could cause poor control performance and reduce production efficiency in the real operation. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation method of the loop control performance for cracking furnace during nonstationary operation is proposed. According to the key performance index requirements of the nonstationary operation, the performance evaluation index of discrete index, stability index and fastness index are calculated with the set-point value, output value, measurement value and control mode of the control loop. Heuristic rules are acquired for evaluating the performance of the control loop online and diagnosing the cause of the poor performance. The application results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    CCR reaction pressure complex control
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    CCR (Continuous Catalytic Reforming) is a very key unit in petrochemical production process. CCR reaction main control parameters include reaction pressure, reaction temperature, liquid space velocity and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio. In addition to catalyst activity and raw material properties, the reaction pressure fluctuation of reactor will have a great impact on the product quality, yield and catalyst deactivation rate. Through the detailed analysis of the control scheme of CCR reaction pressure, and propose the optimal control scheme, which provides guarantee for the safe, stable and reliable operation of CCR unit.
    Application of Advanced Process Control Technology In Aromatic Extraction Unit
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    A petrochemical company's aromatic extraction unit is designed to handle 800,000 tons per year. The basic control instrumentation of the device is in good status, the automatic control rate is above 90%, the flow indicator and main control valves are in good status, and the DCS adopts Emerson DeltaV . Use the advanced control system Aspen DMCPlus to implement the advanced control system of the aromatic extraction unit, uses a multivariable model to describe the dynamic characteristics of the process, and uses the model to predict the distance between the process output trajectory and the desired trajectory as a control quality index to achieve the best.The control strategy improves the stability of the operation of the aromatic extraction unit, fully reduces the energy consumption of the unit under the premise of the stability of each tower, reduces the workload of the operators, and improves the product yield under the premise of ensuring product quality. Brings greater economic benefits.
    Problems in the construction of process automation in fine chemical industry
    2022, 58(2):  0-0. 
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    Introduces the main safety management documents and their main contents for the existing chemical automation design; The complete process automation acceptance index, upstream and downstream automation design of nitrification unit, consistency between as built drawing and site, automatic switching design of jacketed cooling and heating medium and so on are discussed; Introduces the controversial points in detail in the construction of process automation; Summarize the problems that still need to be improved